Studies have demonstrated that the use of intravenous nutrient therapy should be limited to short periods. This is an artificial way of providing nutrition and therefore is associated with higher risks of infection and fluid building up in the body. In most situations, this approach is not very helpful in patients with weight loss related to advanced cancer.
In rare situations, like when there is a bowel obstruction, this approach may be tried. Weight loss and cancer cachexia are different. Cachexia is a syndrome that is caused by the underlying cancer. Although weight loss is part of cachexia, it is not associated with the increased metabolism that occurs with cachexia. Therefore, weight loss as part of cachexia does not always improve with more calories. Cachexia is also called wasting. Wasting is when a person has both weight loss and muscle loss. Like other weight loss, cachexia can cause fatigue, weakness, loss of energy, and make it hard to do everyday tasks.
People with cachexia may also experience more intense symptoms. Cachexia can make it difficult for a person to cope with the physical demands of treatment. It may be helpful for people with cachexia to talk with a registered dietitian for a nutritional assessment and counseling.
A registered dietitian gives patients and their caregivers advice about eating and feeding to help cope with cachexia and related side effects. This includes education around high-protein, high-calorie, nutrient-rich foods for when the patient wants to eat. Based on current scientific research, ASCO recommends not using any medication for treatment of cachexia as one acceptable option for management.
In specific circumstances, doctors may try a short-term treatment with a progesterone hormone or steroid medication see above. ASCO also does not recommend that people with advanced cancer and cachexia be fed through an IV or through a feeding tube due to possible complications, unless very specific conditions are present in otherwise reasonably fit individuals, such as a reversible bowel obstruction, short bowel syndrome, or other issues that cause problems with the absorption of nutrients.
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Net Podcast on cancer cachexia to learn more. Weight Loss Approved by the Cancer. People with cancer also have other symptoms with weight loss: Fatigue Weakness Loss of energy Difficulty doing everyday tasks People who have cachexia often have trouble coping with the physical demands of treatment.
Fatigue, weakness & weight loss
Causes of weight loss in people with cancer Weight loss often starts with appetite loss. Nausea and vomiting Constipation Mouth sores Difficulty chewing Difficulty swallowing Loss of taste Depression Pain Talk with your health care team about any symptoms you have. Managing weight loss Relieving side effects is an important part of cancer care and treatment.
General tips These tips may help patients who have cancer-associated appetite loss and weight loss: Try to increase the frequency of the food you eat. Medications Sometimes, doctors may suggest certain drugs to curb weight loss. Intravenous nutrient therapy Sometimes, patients receive nutrients through an intravenous IV tube instead of eating and drinking.
Infectious Causes
Fatigue is the feeling of being tired all the time, even after you have rested. However, sometimes it can be a sign of an underlying condition. Fatigue is the feeling of being tired all the time. It is different from the feeling of sleepiness you get at bedtime or tiredness after exercise or a late night. Fatigue may be physical in your body or psychological in your mind. You are more likely to experience fatigue if you have a physical or mental illness or are on a low-income.
Women are more commonly affected than men. Most of the time fatigue is not due to one thing, but a combination of psychological, physical and lifestyle factors. If you have a medical condition causing fatigue, treatment will focus on the condition. If there is no medical cause, treatment will focus on lifestyle factors. Reducing stress, caffeine and alcohol intake, getting more exercise and sleep, and giving your body healthy food to fuel it will boost your energy and reduce fatigue. Read more about self-care for fatigue.
Signs and Symptoms of Cancer
The content on this page will be of most use to clinicians, such as nurses, doctors, pharmacists, specialists and other healthcare providers. See separate page for clinicians on chronic fatigue syndrome. Take a systematic approach, focusing on physical, psychological and social issues and lifestyle factors.
Only a minority of patients presenting with fatigue will have a serious underlying physical cause. Red flags include:.
Inflammatory Syndromes
Bacterial infections that result in these symptoms range from Campylobacter and Salmonella infections to Mycoplasma which typically causes pneumonia. In third world countries or in areas that have been struck by natural disasters, typhoid and cholera commonly produce these symptoms. Parasitic conditions include malaria cryptosporidium, and a variety of intestinal worms including tapeworm and roundworm as listed by the University of Maryland Medical Center.
While IBS produces symptoms similar to IBD, it is a functional syndrome that doesn't necessarily cause inflammation of the mucosal lining in the gut, but it is often associated with conditions such as fibromyalgia and chronic pelvic pain disorder.
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IBD, on the other hand, encompasses to inflammatory conditions called Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These are autoimmune conditions where the body's immune system attacks the intestinal mucosal lining, resulting in a variety of symptoms including diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and bleeding. One last inflammatory condition that can be grouped here is pancreatitis, which is a very painful inflammation of the pancreas and is typically associated with gallstones or alcoholism as explained by the National Pancreas Foundation.
According to the CDC, there are several causes of chronic diarrhea that can produce these quartet of symptoms in addition to infectious and inflammatory causes. Chronic disorders of the pancreas can be included here, such as deficiencies in pancreatic enzymes and chronic pancreatitis.